Combined Effects of Plant-based Protein Supplementation with 8-week Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Protein Catabolism, Immune Functions and Bone Metabolism Markers in Adult Males

@#Introduction: This study investigated the effect of combined plant-based protein supplementation and resistance training on muscular strength, blood markers of protein catabolism, immune function, and bone metabolism in sedentary adult males. Methods: In this randomised, double-blinded study, 28 healthy males aged 19 – 29 years old were equally assigned into four groups: a combined plant-based protein with resistance training (PBPEX), plant-based protein alone (PBP), resistance training alone (EX) and control (C). Mode of resistance training was flat barbell press, machine shoulder press, wide grip lateral pull-down, seated cable row, barbell back squat, leg press and leg extension. The 8-week resistance training involved three sets of 60-70% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) at 4-6 repetition/set/mode per session, three sessions/week. Participants in PBPEX and PBP groups consumed a plant-based protein supplement consisted of 9.8 g soy and pea protein for seven days/week. Results: PBPEX showed significant increases (p<0.01) in the knee and shoulder flexion peak torque compared to EX groups, respectively. PBP showed a significantly higher level (p<0.05) of serum urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared to other groups. There were no changes in immune function and bone metabolism markers between pre- and post-exercise in all groups. Conclusions: These findings implied that a combination of plant-based protein supplementation and resistance training elicited greater beneficial effects on muscular strength than resistance training alone and plant-based protein supplementation alone. Therefore, combined plant-based protein with resistance training may be recommended in planning exercise and nutritional programme for sedentary male adults.

Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity in Combination with Soy Isoflavone Daidzein on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Introduction: Combination chemotherapy regimens offer a promising approach to the prevention of recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance during breast cancer management. Combined tumor therapy using natural substances is highly suggested. Daidzein is one of the major isoflavones in soy beans with anti-tumor activity but its effect in combination with common chemotherapeutic agents is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate whether daidzein increases the antitumor activity of doxorubicin against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin, daidzein and a combination of the two drugs was determined at different concentrations using LDH release assay. The average values of each experiment were adjusted to the values determined from untreated controls and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC.) value for each drug was calculated by CompuSyn. In vitro interaction was also calculated using different combinations of doxorubicin and daidzein. Combination indices (CI) were calculated and combination index plot was constructed using the same software. Results: Analysis of the dose-effect curve showed that the treatment of MCF-7 cells with doxorubicin or daidzein for 24 h led to 50% cytotoxicity at 5.4 nM and 146.5 respectively. Conclusion: The Combination index plot showed CI >1 for all combinations used in this study which indicates antagonistic interactions between daidzein and doxorubicin. This study results have implications for patients with breast cancer under treatment with doxorubicin if they are taking daidzein as a dietary supplement.

Efeitos do tratamento prolongado com isoflavonas de soja no útero, mamas, tecidos adiposo e ósseo de ratas ovariectomizadas / Effects of prolonged treatment with soy isoflavones on the uterus, breast, adipose and bone tissue of ovariectomized rats

A menopausa, fenômeno fisiológico que ocorre em todas as mulheres, em média, aos 51 anos, é acompanhada em cerca de 80% dos casos de sintomas como fogachos, secura vaginal, irritabilidade e insônia, que interferem na qualidade de vida e na produtividade socioeconômica das mulheres, além de predispô-las a doenças crônico-degenerativas, como arteriosclerose, obesidade e distúrbios cardiovasculares. A terapia de reposição hormonal à base de estrógenos, que visa reduzir os incômodos da menopausa, está associada ao aumento do risco de câncer de mama e do endométrio, como foi demonstrado em estudos científicos. Considerando que as mulheres orientais, consumidoras de soja, apresentam doenças crônico-degenerativas e câncer em taxas inferiores às dos países ocidentais, as isoflavonas da soja têm sido testadas em estudos clínicos e experimentais, porém com obtenção de dados até contraditórios. O presente estudo investigou o efeito da administração crônica de isoflavonas de soja no útero, mamas e tecidos adiposo e ósseo de ratas ovariectomizadas. Quarenta ratas Wistar adultas foram distribuídas em quatro grupos experimentais: a) ovariectomizadas: grupo ISO, recebendo isoflavonas de soja (100mg/kg/dia/v.o.); b) ovariectomizadas: grupo BE, recebendo benzoato de estradiol (10µg/kg/dia/s.c.); c) ovariectomizadas: grupo OVX, recebendo salina (0,1ml/100g/dia/v.o.); d) controles: grupo FO, recebendo salina (0,1ml/100g/dia/v.o.). Antes e durante os 90 dias de tratamento, foram analisados os esfregaços vaginais, para acompanhamento do ciclo estral, determinação do peso corporal e do consumo de ração semanal. Após esse período, os animais foram anestesiados e o sangue coletado para análise de estradiol e progesterona séricos, por radioimunoensaio; e lipidograma e glicose, por espectrofotometria. Posteriormente, os animais foram sacrificados e necropsiados, coletando-se o útero, mamas, gordura intra-abdominal e fêmur para macroscopia e pesagem...

Menopause, physiological phenomenon that occurs in all women, average age 51, is accompanied by about 80% of cases symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, irritability and insomnia, which affect the quality of life and socioeconomic productivity women's, and predispose them to chronic degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity and cardiovascular disorders. The hormone replacement therapy based on estrogen, which aims to reduce the discomforts of menopause is associated with an increased risk of endometrial and breast cancer, as has been shown in scientific studies. Whereas that women, consuming soy, had lower rates of chronic degenerative diseases and cancer at rates lower than those of Western countries, soy isoflavones have been tested in clinical and experimental studies, but with contradictory results. The present study investigated the effect of chronic administration of soy isoflavones on the uterus, breast, bone and adipose tissues from ovariectomized rats. Forty female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a) ovariectomized: ISO group receiving soy isoflavones (100mg/kg/dia/vo); b) ovariectomized: EB group receiving estradiol benzoate (10μg/kg/dia/sc); c) ovariectomized: OVX group receiving saline (0.1 ml/100g/dia/vo); d) controls: FO group, receiving saline (0.1 ml/100g/dia/vo). Before and during the 90 days of treatment vaginal smears were analyzed to monitor the estrous cycle, given the body weight and food intake monitored weekly. After this period, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected for analysis of serum estradiol and progesterone serum by radioimmunoassay, and lipid and glucose by spectrophotometry. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized and necropsied, collecting the uterus, breasts, intra-abdominal fat and femur for macroscopic exam and weighing...

Effect of soy isoflavone on incretion of female rats / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effect of soy isoflavones on incretion of female rats. Methods 42 fe-male rots of 12 weeks old were divided into 3 groups at random. Low dose group were perfused with 40mg · kg-1·d-1 into stomach per day;high dose group were perfused with 80mg·kg-1·d-1 into stomach per day;control group were perfused with physiological saline into stomach. After 14 days,collected blood via jugular vein and tested 4 inde-xes-FSH, LH,E2 and P with chemoluminescence method. Results In 3 groups of soy isoflavones low doee group,soy isoflavones high dose group and control group,FSH were (0.13±0.021) mIu/ml, (0.12±0.018) mIu/ml, (0.15 ±0.024) mIu/ml respectively; LH were (0.17±0.032) mIu/ml, (0.15±0.043) mIu/ml, (0.18±0.047) mIu/ml respectively, which has no obvious differences (P > 0.05) ; E2 were (0.09±0.03) nmol/L, (0.03±0.03) nmol/L, (0.12±0.04) nmol/L respectively; P were (1.43±0.27) ng/ml, (2.82±0.37) ng/ml, (0.67±0.56) ng/ml re-spectivdy. Compare those 3 groups, E2 activeness of soy isoflavones group decreased obviously; but P activeness of soy isoflavones group increased obviously. Conclusion Soy isoflavones has no obvious effect on hypophysis hormone of rat, but the soy isoflavones of different dosages may measure the secretion of female rat ovary hormones by estrogen ac-tivity and antiestrogen activity.

Relationship between dietary soy isoflavones and blood lipid levels in 40-65 year-olds in Guangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the mlationship between dietary soy isoflavones and blood lipids among residents of 40-65 years old,in Guangzhou.Methods Dietary soy isoflavones and other nutrients intakes were assessed with quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),HDL cholesterol(HDL-C)and LDL cholesterol(LDL-C)in plasma were measured with colorimetry.Results Ranges of dietary soy isoflavones intake among 134 males and 261 females were fxom 0 mg/day to 61.96 mg/day and 0 mg/day to 82.52 mg/day,with means of 11.95 mg/day,14.90 mg/day,respectively.After adjusted for total energy intake and fat percent energy,difiefences of TC,LDL-C in total population and TC in women were statistically significant between groups(P value was 0.002,0.008,0.004,respectively) and dose-effect relationships(P value was <0.001.0.012.0.001,respectively)were observed between dietary soy isoflavones intake and the upper mentioned three indices.Compared with the low-intake group,tbese three indices lowered 7.06%,10.13%and 7.48%,respectively in high-intake group.Critical significance of LDL-C was observed both in women and men between groups.Further controlled for age,BMI and WHR,no obvious change of the results was observed.Conclusion Moderate intakes of soy isoflavone as part of a regular diet seemed to be associated with favorable blood lipid levels.

Dose-response assessment of the anti-cancer efficacy of soy isoflavones in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats fed 6% fructooligosaccharide

We investigated the combinatorial effects of different doses of dietary soy isoflavones (SI) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in a rat model of colon cancer. We hypothesized that increased bioavailability of SI metabolites due to dietary FOS may increase production of bioactive equol and affect colon carcinogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with 12-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and were provided experimental diets that contained 0, 10, 50, 150, or 500 mg SI per kg of diet and 6% FOS for 12 weeks. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colonic tissues were significantly decreased in the 6% FOS-fed groups compared to the control group. Gut transit time and fecal pH were significantly lower, and fecal concentrations of bifidobacteria were increased with 6% FOS. However, dietary SI supplementation in combination with 6% dietary FOS did not affect ACF formation or COX-2 expression. Plasma equol concentrations were dose-dependently increased by supplementation of SI up to 500 mg/kg of diet. In conclusion, SI supplementation up to 500 mg/kg of diet appeared to have no additive beneficial effects in rats with chemically-induced colon cancer that were fed 6% FOS, although plasma equol was dose-dependently increased.

Effects of Soy Isoflavone on Serum Glucose and Lipid in Orchiectomized Rats / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of environmental endocrine disruptors-phytoestrogen soybean isoflavone on serum glucose and lipid in rats with orchiectomy.Methods Fifty-four healthy clean male Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups,9 in each group,according to their weight and named as the groups of SHAM,ORCH,L-SI,M-SI,H-SI and EC.The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5% sodium pentobarbital according to 40 mg/kg,and they were either shamoperated or orchiectomized.The rats were fed on high fat diet for 4 weeks.There was 1,3,9 g soybean isoflavone and 0.45 mg estrobene per kilogram high fat diet in L-SI,M-SI,H-SI and EC respectively.At the 2nd and 4th week,serum insulin,fasting blood glucose and lipid (TG,TC,HDL and LDL) were detected.Results The weights of rats with orchiectomy was significantly decreased compared with sham-operated rats,and compared with the EC group,the weights of other groups'rats were significantly higher.The weight was decreased along with the increase of the dose of soy isoflavone.At the end of 4 weeks,SIF significantly decreased serum glucose compared with ORCH,and the insulin level was significantly increased in M-SI and H-SI group.SIF and estrogen could significantly decrease TC,but they did not have obvious effect on LDL.SIF could not improve HDL level in rats with orchiectomy.Even though there was no statistic difference,the TG levels of SIF groups were deceased.Conclusion SIF can decrease serum glucose level via raising insulin level in rats with orchiectomy.SIF can decrease serum TC level significantly and regulate TG level while there is no influence on HDL and LDL.

Clinical Effect of the Simultaneous Supplementation of Soy Isoflavone and Black Cohosh Extract on Simplified Menopausal Index (SMI) in the Climacteric Women / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

We examined the clinical effect of a functional food containing both soy isoflavone and black cohosh extract (test food) on Simplified Menopausal Index (SMI) in a double blind study. Twenty four peri-menopausal women were divided into two groups and four capsules of either the test food or placebo were ingested everyday for eight weeks. The daily intakes of soy isoflavone and black cohosh extract were 50.0 mg and 80.0 mg respectively. As compared with placebo group, the scores of menopausal symptoms such as “stiff neck” and “backache” significantly improved (p<0.05), and the score of “irritation” tended to improve in test food group but not significant statistically. When these results were stratified according to the severity of pretrial menopausal symptoms, the effects of test food were shown to be more effective in mild case group. These results suggest that the functional food containing soy isoflavone and black cohosh extract alleviate menopausal disturbances and improve the quality of life for peri-menopausal women.<br>

Effects of Soy Isoflavone Intake on Nitrite Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Male Rats Fed High-Fat Diet

This study was performed to investigate the effect of soy isoflavone on plasma nitrite concentration and the antioxidant enzyme activities of erythrocyte and the liver using adult male rats fed high fat diet. Seven-week old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed high fat diet (15% beef tallow, 1% cholesterol; control: IF0) or high fat diets containing isoflavone 80 ppm (IF80) or 320 ppm (IF320) for 10 weeks. Plasma nitrite concentration as a vasodilator, and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes and the liver were measured. Plasma nitrite concentration was increased by 45% and 35%, respectively, in IF80 and IF320 than in IF0 group. Erythrocyte catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased by 31%, 30% and 40% in IF320 compared to IF0 group. Especially, erythrocyte GR activity increased by 61% in IF80 group. However, catalase activity in the liver was decreased in IF80 group. GPx and GR activities in the liver were not differ among groups. The results suggest that soy isoflavone have the protective effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by improving vasodilator factor, nitrite, and antioxidant enzyme activities in blood.

Effect of Soy Isoflavone Supplementation and Exercise on Serum Lipids in Postmenopausal Women

To elucidate the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation and exercise on serum lipids in normolipidemic and mildly hyperlipidemic postmenopausal period, 54 women residing in Seoul area were recruited. The subjects were divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 13), isoflavone group (n = 14), exercise group (n = 14), isoflavone + exercise group (n = 13). The control group was given placebo capsules, isoflavone group was given soy isoflavone supplements (90 mg/day), exercise group was given placebo capsules and exercised 3 times/week, over 30 min/time, and isoflavone + exercise group took soy isoflavone supplement and exercised. The duration of study were 8 weeks. The average age of the subjects was 57.0 years, 56.0 years, 54.4 years, and 55.2 years, respectively. There were no significant differences among the four groups in terms of height, weight, and body mass index. There were no significant differences among the four groups in terms of serum, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol. But the subjects indicated a significant difference in serum LDL-cholesterol (110.5 mg/day in before versus 74.6 mg/day in after) in the isoflavone + exercise group at the levels of p < 0.05. In conclusion, the isoflavone supplementation and exercise may be helpful to decrease serum lipids of normolipidemic and mildly hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women.

Effects of Soy Isoflavone Supplementation and Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Urinary Deoxypyridinoline in Postmenopausal Women

We studied the effects of soy isoflavones supplementation with exercise on bone mineral density and the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline as an index of bone resorption rates in postmenopausal women. A total of 67 postmenopausal women were assigned to Isoflavone (90 mg/day) or placebo groups. These groups were further divided into groups that undergone a regular exercise or a rather sedentary state performing daily activity only. Four groups were Placebo-control group (n = 16), Placebo-exercise group (n = 16), Isoflavone-sedentary group (n = 19) and Isoflavone-exercise group (n = 16). After the intervention, we compared anthropometric mesurement, dietary recall, bone mineral density (femoral neck, lumbar spine), urinary deoxypyridinoline between the groups and between the pre and post studies. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of average age, height, weight, period after menopause at the baseline. The average age of the subjects were 55.2 yrs, average height, weight, period after menopause were 154.7 cm, 59.3 kg, 5.58 yrs, respectively. After eight week intervention period, there were no significant differences between the four groups in bone mineral density, but urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was significantly decreased both in Isoflavone-sedentary and Isoflavone-Exercise groups. These results suggest that Isoflavone supplementation alone or with exercise may be preventive measures through the decrease of bone reabsorption rate in post-menopausal subjects. Whereas exercise alone did not appear to be an effective measure in bone loss with these subjects.

EFFECT OF COMPOUND ANTIOXIDANTS ON POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE AND INSULIN OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS / 营养学报

Objective: To observe the co-effect of antioxidant compound, soybean isoflavone (SI), VC and VE on glucose and insulin response after oral glucose load in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) . Methods: 96 selected T2DM patients (50% male, 50% female) were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the dosage of the compound given , none (group B), low dosage (group C), medium dosage (group D) and high dosage (group E) . The normal control (group A) included 24 persons half male, half female . Blood glucose and insulin were determined at OGTT 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and the areas under the curve (AUC) of blood insulin/glucose were calculated. Results: The AUC of blood insulin/glucose of male was higher than female in control group, but both were lower than those of four diabetes groups. In both genders of the diabetes groups, blood insulin AUC of group C, D, E was lower than group B, blood glucose AUC of group D, E was lower than group C and B. There was significant difference in blood insulin and glucose AUC of group E as compared to group B in female (P